Original Article
Plant Cell, Organ and Tissue Culture
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab; Ahmad Farid Rahmani; Hamideh Khajeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 1-13
Abstract
A long time has passed since the first experience of In Vitro propagation of olive, but the presence of very strong end dominance in the neoplasm stage, which cannot be controlled by various cytokinin treatments, has limited the possibility of propagation in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study ...
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A long time has passed since the first experience of In Vitro propagation of olive, but the presence of very strong end dominance in the neoplasm stage, which cannot be controlled by various cytokinin treatments, has limited the possibility of propagation in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the micro-propagation feasibility inside olive glasses of olive cultivar Kroneiki. For branching and rooting of lateral buds, the experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Branching factors include five types of culture media (MS, MS1/2, MSM, MSM1/2 and OM), two types of hormones (BAP and Zeatin), and three types of hormone concentrations (control, 0.5 and 1 mg/L) and there were three types of time periods. Rooting factors include five types of culture media (MS, MS1/2, MSM, MSM1/2 and OM), two types of hormone combinations (IBA and NAA), four types of hormone concentrations (control, combination of 0.2 with 0.5, combination 0.5 with 1 and a combination of 0.75 with 1.5 mg/L) and three types of time intervals. Analysis of variance was performed by Statistix10 software and the comparison of mean traits was performed using the least significant difference test. The effects of culture medium, different hormones and also different concentrations of hormones used in the period, on the number of green leaves, number of yellow leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings as well as rooting were examined , which were found different (P <0.01). The highest length of branch (1.8 cm) was obtained in MSM culture medium with BAP hormone in the third week. The highest fresh weight (0.06 g), the highest dry weight (0.003 g) and the highest amount of green leaves (55.39%) were obtained from the treatment of MSM medium with 1 ppm of BAP hormone. The highest rooting rate (95.17%) was obtained from the treatment of MS1/2 medium with 1.5 ppm of BAP hormone and 0.75 ppm of NAA hormone in the third week. The most effective culture medium and hormone on branching was MSM culture medium with 1 ppm BAP hormone and on rooting, MS1 culture medium with 1.5 ppm BAP hormone and 0.75 ppm NAA hormone.
Original Article
Plant Cell, Organ and Tissue Culture
Hamideh Khajeh; Farzaneh Fazeli; Ayoub Mazarie
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 14-27
Abstract
In vitro cultivation method is a proper way to fast propagation of commercial rose cultivars with high uniformity, and even today, it is regarded as a desirable solution for correction through genetic manipulation. In order to study the effect of hormone and culture medium on the micropropagation potential ...
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In vitro cultivation method is a proper way to fast propagation of commercial rose cultivars with high uniformity, and even today, it is regarded as a desirable solution for correction through genetic manipulation. In order to study the effect of hormone and culture medium on the micropropagation potential of GolD damask rose, an experiment was conducted as a completlely randomized design with three replications. In this study, Lateral bud explants, 5 culture media including MS, 1.2 MS, VS, 1.2 VS, and WPM with four plant growth regulators including benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), and indole butyric acid (IBA) were evaluated at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mgL-1. The results of analysis of variance showed a significant difference between culture media, type and causality of hormones, and their interaction for the studied traits. The best response for these traits was obtained from VS medium, and the weakest response was taken from WPM medium. The results of interaction effect showed that the highest values for shoot length, greenness, percentage of yellow leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots in VS medium were obtained using BAP hormone at a concentration of 1.5 mgL-1. The highest mean of rooting percentage, fresh and dry weight of roots was obtained in VS medium using 1.5 mgL-1 IBA.
Review Article
Bioinformatics
Davoud Naderi; Raheba Jami; Fazal UR Rehman
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 28-40
Abstract
Recent Genomic research has significantly developed human knowledge on structural non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which folds into characteristic secondary structures and performs specific-structure dependent biological functions. Hence, RNA secondary structure prediction is among the most commonly evaluated ...
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Recent Genomic research has significantly developed human knowledge on structural non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which folds into characteristic secondary structures and performs specific-structure dependent biological functions. Hence, RNA secondary structure prediction is among the most commonly evaluated issues in computational RNA biology. The aim of the present study is to introduce the key role of RNA motifs in biological processes. Such motifs are specifically effective in regulating gene expression, maintaining structure and strength of RNA molecule, splicing the early mRNA, and providing the most appropriate recognition site for protein binding. Doing research and analyzing RNA motifs requires using several methods and algorithms which can provide the structure and properties of these building blocks in organisms. Generally, the most successful computational methods used in organizing RNA include the QRNA, RNAz, and CMfinder algorithms, which correlate nucleotides and other features of RNA structure formation and maintenance. In plants, RNA Recognition Motif (RRM), an 80- amino acid protected motif, is one of the most abundant protein motifs in eukaryotes. This motif has various important roles like participating in growth processes and responding to stresses in plants, and accelerating different metabolic processes. In addition, further analysis of ORRM family members represented presence of ORRM2, ORRM3 and ORRM4 acting as RNA editing factors in mitochondria as well as ORRM6 which is a chloroplast RNA editing factor. Among the construction motifs, the Pseudoknot motif which contributes to several biological activities such as altering expression of pathogenic genes in some viruses and formation of telomerase and self-truncating introns is of great significance, since these are important breeding factors in biotechnology. Based on the results of the study, it can be proposed that further studies on bioinformatics analysis of plant motifs are required to be implemented to open new windows on controlling pathogens in plants.
Original Article
Phyto-pharmacology
Seham Mansour Ismail
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 41-50
Abstract
In insecticide resistance research on cotton leafworm multiple resistance mechanisms, including behavioral resistance, some types of physiological resistance (e.g. increasing activities of esterases), were identified as conferring organophosphate insecticide resistance in Spodoptera littoralis (Boisdüval, ...
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In insecticide resistance research on cotton leafworm multiple resistance mechanisms, including behavioral resistance, some types of physiological resistance (e.g. increasing activities of esterases), were identified as conferring organophosphate insecticide resistance in Spodoptera littoralis (Boisdüval, 1833) after decades used in Egypt. Enzyme kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) and in vitro inhibition were used to detect variations in Cholinesterase (ChE) and Aliesterase (Ali-E) activities among different field populations and determine tolerance levels of field populations to chlorpyrifos using the dipping technique. Results revealed that, S. littoralis resistance levels in fourth-instar larvae exposed to chlorpyrifos were 9- to 120-fold in field populations compared with an insecticide-susceptible population. Activity of esterase preparations of larval head homogenates varied, that is the relative activity of ChE and Ali-E were 1.71 and 4.23-fold respectively in heavily-sprayed field populations while recorded 1.27 and 2.53-fold in desert field populations. The kinetic studies revealed that the Michaelis Constant (Km) and Maximal velocity (Vmax) values of ChE and Ali-E were higher in all field populations than susceptible population. The affinity of ChE, toward alpha-naphthyl acetate (α-NA) as a substrate, in S. littoralis was higher than that of Ali-E in all field populations. The ChE and Ali-E level was higher in the field-populations than its level in susceptible-population. Results revealed that the Ali-E was much more sensitive to in vitro inhibition by chlorpyrifos than ChE in field populations, meaning that ChE had an antagonistic effect on chlorpyrifos.
Original Article
Plant Cell, Organ and Tissue Culture
Mohammad Esmaeil Naddaf; Gholamreza Rabiei; Ebrahim Ganji Moghadam; Abdorahman Mohammadkhani
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 51-59
Abstract
Plum Pox Virus (PPV) is one of the most common viral agents in sweet cherry. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of culturing method and explant type for production of PPV-free plants in sweet cherry cv. Siahe-Mashhad, in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design ...
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Plum Pox Virus (PPV) is one of the most common viral agents in sweet cherry. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of culturing method and explant type for production of PPV-free plants in sweet cherry cv. Siahe-Mashhad, in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was the culturing method in two levels (A: Meristem culture and B: Micro-grafting) and the second factor, the type of explants in four levels (M1S1: 5mm and in vivo explant, M1S2: 2mm and in vivo explant, M2S1: 2mm and in vitro explant and M2S2: 5mm and in vitro explant). Explants of shoot tips were cultured for meristem culture as well as micro-grafting on the 'Gissela 6' rootstock and then cultured in a MS medium containing 1 mg.l-l BAP in controlled conditions. The results showed that among the types of explant in both survival and health plantlet indices was significant, but there was a significant difference in the culturing method only in the survival plantlet index and their interaction (at 5% level). The highest percentage of survival plantlet index (48.6%) was recorded for meristem culture when explant was 5 mm in vitro and the highest percentage of healthy planted index (41.6%) was obtained for meristem culture when 2 mm in vitro explants was used. The results of percentage of healthy plantlets in total detection of PPV using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test showed that 30.5% of all regenerated plants in both cultures were PPV- free.
Review Article
Bioinformatics
Fatemeh Dehghan-Nayeri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 60-72
Abstract
Background: Today, the production of plant secondary metabolites has been fastened because of the health value of these products for clinical applications. To date, considerable number of secondary substances have isolated from natural sources through which chemists and biochemists could develop new ...
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Background: Today, the production of plant secondary metabolites has been fastened because of the health value of these products for clinical applications. To date, considerable number of secondary substances have isolated from natural sources through which chemists and biochemists could develop new scaffolds for drug design policies. Unfortunately, the plants only produced a limited quantity of metabolites that might not be enough for isolation and commercial uses. The majority of drug-like metabolites has isolated from wild plants and this issue may threaten the natural diversity of these species within nature. Therefore, finding a promising way to enhance the production of plant metabolites can help researchers for bulky production of these compounds. Over the past decades, various types of bioinoculants have been crafted based on the diversity of soil microorganisms and introduced into global markets for increasing the yield of crop plants. Result: The growing body of evidence suggests that biofertilizers could improve the growth of medicinal plants vegetative parts which comprised a variety of natural products. The effectiveness of biofertilizers for this issue depends on various factors including the stage of medicinal plant development, soil texture, environmental factors and the power of medicinal plants roots for absorbing nearby nutrients. Conclusion: Therefore, specification of biofertilizers for the cultivation of medicinal plants should be taken into consideration to increase the yield of medicinal plants for clinical application.
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