Original Article
Plant Cell, Organ and Tissue Culture
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab; Ahmad Farid Rahmani; Hamide Khajeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 1-13
Abstract
Background: A long time has passed since the first experience of In Vitro propagation of olive, but the presence of very strong end dominance in the neoplasm stage, which cannot be controlled by various cytokinin treatments, has limited the possibility of propagation in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the ...
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Background: A long time has passed since the first experience of In Vitro propagation of olive, but the presence of very strong end dominance in the neoplasm stage, which cannot be controlled by various cytokinin treatments, has limited the possibility of propagation in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the micro-propagation feasibility inside olive glasses of olive cultivar Kroneiki. Methods: For branching and rooting of lateral buds, the experiment was performed factorially in a completely randomized design with three replications. Branching factors include five types of culture media (MS, MS1/2, MSM, MSM1/2 and OM), two types of hormones (BAP and Zeatin), and three types of hormone concentrations (control, 0.5 and 1 mg/l) and there were three types of time periods. Rooting factors include five types of culture media (MS, MS1/2, MSM, MSM1/2 and OM), two types of hormone combinations (IBA and NAA), four types of hormone concentrations (control, combination of 0.2 with 0.5, combination 0.5 with 1 and a combination of 0.75 with 1.5 mg/l) and three types of time intervals. Analysis of variance was performed by Statistix10 software and the comparison of mean traits was performed using the least significant difference test. Results: The effect of culture medium, different hormones and also different concentrations of hormones used in the period, on the number of green leaves, number of yellow leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of seedlings as well as rooting were different (P <0.01). The highest length of branch (1.8 cm) was obtained in MSM culture medium with BAP hormone in the third week. The highest fresh weight (0.06 g), the highest dry weight (0.003 g) and the highest amount of green leaves (55.39%) were obtained from the treatment of MSM medium with 1 ppm of BAP hormone. The highest rooting rate (95.17%) was obtained from the treatment of MS1/2 medium with 1.5 ppm of BAP hormone and 0.75 ppm of NAA hormone in the third week. Conclusion: The most effective culture medium and hormone on branching were MSM culture medium with 1 ppm BAP hormone and on rooting, MS1 culture medium with 1.5 ppm BAP hormone and 0.75 ppm NAA hormone were obtained, respectively.
Review Article
Bioinformatics
Ali Maghsoudi; Davoud Naderi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 14-24
Abstract
Background: Regulation of transcription and translation pathways in the living cell is of particular importance, in which organized structural elements play an important role. In hydrogen bonds, through hydrophobic interactions, they stabilize the twists and turns of the RNA molecule in a wide network. ...
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Background: Regulation of transcription and translation pathways in the living cell is of particular importance, in which organized structural elements play an important role. In hydrogen bonds, through hydrophobic interactions, they stabilize the twists and turns of the RNA molecule in a wide network. The aim of this study is to introduce a number of RNA motifs that play important and valuable roles in biological processes. These types of motifs are generally effective in regulating gene expression, maintaining the structure and strength of the RNA molecule, splicing the initial mRNA, and the appropriate detection site for protein binding. Methods: In this study, QRNA, RNAz, Cmfinder detection algorithms were investigated and a number of functional and structural motifs were introduced. Results: Among the RNA-motifs studied, the Pseudoknot motif was of particular importance in participating in various biological activities. Among these activities is the change in gene expression of pathogenic in some viruses and the formation of telomerase and self-splicing introns, which is one of the most important corrective factors in biotechnology. Another important feature of this motif is the reverse transcriptase-binding inhibitory of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that can be effective in treating this deadly and dangerous disease. The G-bulge motif can also help the medical sciences and treatment of some diseases in future due to the overall infectivity of HIV through genetic engineering techniques. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be suggested that more studies be done on bioinformatics analysis of plant motifs to see more success in controlling pathogens in plants.
Original Article
Phenotypes and Genotypes
Maryam Moghaddaszadeh; Leila Fahmideh; Bahman Fazeli-Nasab
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 25-38
Abstract
Background: The genetic diversity study of mangoes for breeding programs and conservation of genetic resources is vital and knowledge of genetic diversity in Mango genotypes is important for selecting parents in breeding programs. Therefore, genetic variation of 30 genotypes of Iranian mango plants were ...
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Background: The genetic diversity study of mangoes for breeding programs and conservation of genetic resources is vital and knowledge of genetic diversity in Mango genotypes is important for selecting parents in breeding programs. Therefore, genetic variation of 30 genotypes of Iranian mango plants were evaluated using 15 IRAP markers. Methods: The plant genotypes were obtained from Jiroft region. DNA extraction was performed by the CTAB method and primers were designed using the primers3 database. The data were analyzed using the GenAlex and Popgene softwares. Results: The number of bands ranged from 3 (Ltr3 and Ltr1 & Ltr15) to 12 (Ltr1 & Ltr2) for each marker. The highest (4.76) and lowest (0.18) marker indexes were found for the markers Ltr2, and Ltr15, respectively. The marker indexes average was 1.91. The highest number of effective alleles (1.79), neon variation index (0.43) and Shannon variety (0.63) were belonging to the primer of Ltr3. The least heterozygosity(12.2), polymorphic location(36.36), Shannon variety index (17.1) and effective alleles number (18.1) were belonging to the mangoes collected from Rodan. The highest Heterozygosity(28.8), multivariate percentage(90.91), Shannon diversity index (41.4) and effective alleles (43.1) were belonging to the mangoes collected from Manojan region. The molecular variance analysis showed that the genetic diversity between populations was 90 percent. The highest genetic distance was found between mango and coconut genotypes. The highest intra-population variation was found in among all genotypes of Jiroft area. Conclusion: it can be concluded that for any kind of crossing and modification of the medicinal plant mango, it is better to use the genotypes of Jiroft region, especially almutri as one of Paternal, maternal or genetic donors.
Review Article
Bioinformatics
Fatemeh Dehghan-Nayeri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 39-50
Abstract
Background: Today, the production of plant secondary metabolites has been fastened because of the health value of these products for clinical applications. To date, considerable number of secondary substances have isolated from natural sources through which chemists and biochemists could develop new ...
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Background: Today, the production of plant secondary metabolites has been fastened because of the health value of these products for clinical applications. To date, considerable number of secondary substances have isolated from natural sources through which chemists and biochemists could develop new scaffolds for drug design policies. Unfortunately, the plants only produced a limited quantity of metabolites that might not be enough for isolation and commercial uses. The majority of drug-like metabolites has isolated from wild plants and this issue may threaten the natural diversity of these species within nature. Therefore, finding a promising way to enhance the production of plant metabolites can help researchers for bulky production of these compounds. Over the past decades, various types of bioinoculants have been crafted based on the diversity of soil microorganisms and introduced into global markets for increasing the yield of crop plants.
Result: The growing body of evidence suggests that biofertilizers could improve the growth of medicinal plants vegetative parts which comprised a variety of natural products. The effectiveness of biofertilizers for this issue depends on various factors including the stage of medicinal plant development, soil texture, environmental factors and the power of medicinal plants roots for absorbing nearby nutrients.
Conclusion: Therefore, specification of biofertilizers for the cultivation of medicinal plants should be taken into consideration to increase the yield of medicinal plants for clinical application.
Review Article
Bioinformatics
Fatemeh Dehghan-Nayeri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 51-62
Abstract
Background: Bacterium-based fertilizers are functional bio-inoculants comprised different types of soil bacteria widely used for enhancing the growth of plants. The bacterial strains used for crafting biofertilizers mainly isolated from agricultural soils showed potential plant-growth-promoting traits ...
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Background: Bacterium-based fertilizers are functional bio-inoculants comprised different types of soil bacteria widely used for enhancing the growth of plants. The bacterial strains used for crafting biofertilizers mainly isolated from agricultural soils showed potential plant-growth-promoting traits and could enhance the quality of plant root system development and differentiation.
Methods: Up to date, various types of Gram-positive and negative bacterial isolates were characterized that showed differential plant-growth-promoting properties. The only challenge with these strains is that most of PGPRs might lose their functionality after isolation from soil layers, therefore leading to a significant decrease in their biological activity. The application of biotechnological methods for enhancing the gene expression profile of such bacteria can regenerate their potential for regaining their acknowledged properties to affect plant growth. In the case of medicinal plants, lower production of vegetative sections might affect the total synthesis of useful secondary metabolites used for different proposes. Therefore, enriching the soil rhizosphere around root system of medicinal plants using exotic bacteria may change the rate of their growth and metabolite production.
Results: The current literature suggested that various types of PGPRs could produce phytohormones like auxin to enhance the growth of plants. Indeed, these strains are also able to provide extra level of natural nutrient in the nearby of medicinal plant roots and therefore have the potential to guarantee their sustainable growth within harsh environment. In this respect, understanding the interaction between medicinal plants root system and soil rhizobacteria can open a new window for engineering different types of PGPRs for medicinal production.
Conclusion: In this review, the current trends on the biotechnological advancements for improving plant-growth-promoting traits of soil bacteria will be discussed and possible routes for re-introduce effective isolates into soil were reviewed.
Original Article
Plant Cell, Organ and Tissue Culture
Hamide Khajeh; Farzaneh Fazeli; Ayoub Mazaraei
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 63-72
Abstract
Background: In vitro cultivation method, in addition to being a suitable method for propagating commercial rose cultivars with very high uniformity and in a short time. Today, it is considered as a desirable solution for correction through genetic correctness. Methods: In order to study the effect of ...
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Background: In vitro cultivation method, in addition to being a suitable method for propagating commercial rose cultivars with very high uniformity and in a short time. Today, it is considered as a desirable solution for correction through genetic correctness. Methods: In order to study the effect of hormone and culture medium on the micropropagation potential of Golmohammadi, an experiment was conducted in 2020 in the tissue culture laboratory of Zabol University Biotechnology Center in a completely randomized design with three replications. In this study, 5 culture media including MS, 2.1MS, VS, 1.2VS and WPM with four hormones benzylaminopurine (BAP), 2-isopentenyl adenine (2iP), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole butyric acid (IBA) with concentrations of -0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/l were evaluated. Results: The results of analysis of variance showed a significant difference between culture media, type and causality of hormones and their interaction for the studied traits. The best response for the studied traits was obtained from VS medium and the weakest response was obtained from WPM medium. The results of interaction showed that the highest values for shoot length, greenness, percentage of yellow leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots in VS medium were obtained using BAP hormone at a concentration of 1.5 mg / l. Conclusion: The highest mean rooting percentage, fresh and dry weight of roots were obtained from VS medium using a concentration of 1.5 mg/l IBA.
Review Article
Genetic engineering
Ahmad Asgharzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 73-85
Abstract
Background: Today, the application of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and alga for enhancing cashing crops growth has been increased. A wide-spectrum ranges of microorganisms have been isolated from rhizosphere, phyllosphere, soils and mines that showed potential benefits for enhancing plant production. ...
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Background: Today, the application of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and alga for enhancing cashing crops growth has been increased. A wide-spectrum ranges of microorganisms have been isolated from rhizosphere, phyllosphere, soils and mines that showed potential benefits for enhancing plant production. These microorganisms are effective beneficial, symbiont and plant stimulator that could provide a considerable amount of essential nutrient for plant roots, protect plants from stresses and finally affected the total yield of plants. The selection of proper bacteria or fungus species for introducing into the agricultural soils that used for cultivation of economic and strategic plants such as cereals, oil-yielding trees and commercial seeds, depend on various factors such as target hosts, the population of soil microorganisms, environmental tensions and survival potential of introduced bacteria. Various microbiological methods such as engineering the bacterial genome, introduction of exotic genes into bacterial/fungal strains, enhancing metabolic pathways of microorganism and something like that have been followed to improve the interaction between strategic plant roots and nearby microorganisms.
Results: The accumulating body of evidence speculates that any modification in the genome sequence of PGPRs could affect their potential to produce plant growth stimulants. In this regard, studies suggested that over-expression of genes involved in plants yield and regulation of them could relatively support stronger interaction of soil microorganisms with plant roots. Microbiological engineering of soil could also effectively change nutrient recycle around plant roots provided higher level of nutritional elements for plant growth. Therefore, any changes in the population of beneficial soil microbiota are associated with higher growth of plants and their sustainable development in zero-element soils.
Conclusion: Because the inappropriate application of plant-growth-enhancing microbiota may show injudicious effects on native soil microorganism, the utilization of novel and practical microbial biotechnology methods can overcome this problem for long-term application of bacterium/fungal-based biofertilizers for agricultural goals.
Review Article
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)
Ahmad Asgharzadeh
Volume 1, Issue 1 , Winter 2021, Pages 86-92
Abstract
The growing body of evidence suggests that plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are among most important soil microorganisms that could potentially affect the sustainable growth of plant species. To date, scientific investigations unraveled that various types of PGPRs have been isolated from ...
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The growing body of evidence suggests that plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are among most important soil microorganisms that could potentially affect the sustainable growth of plant species. To date, scientific investigations unraveled that various types of PGPRs have been isolated from agricultural soils that showed potential benefits to produce phytohormones, biocontrol agents, plant growth stimulants, and enhance soil quality. The majority of researches that have been conducted on PGPRs mainly focused on the applications of these strains for agricultural proposes. During the past decades, the application of PGPRs to enhance the growth of edible mushrooms mycelia has significantly received much attention from researchers. According to estimations, the global market of edible mushrooms has been increased during the past years because of increasing demands for regular consumption of specific types of cashing mushrooms. In this regard, several studies reported that a variety of PGPRs such as Pseudomonas strains have the capability to increase the growth of fungal mycelia through secretion of specific types of metabolites into compost and casing soil materials. Researches also highlighted this fact that PGPRs could suppress the development of mushroom pathogens such as Trichoderma agrressivum that are highly remarkable concerns for commercial mushroom growers. The ability of PGPRs to control fungal pathogens and enhance the growth of edible mushrooms is depending on several factors such the strain of bacteria, target edible mushrooms and the quality of mushroom producing compartments. However, the specification of PGPRs for sustainable growth of edible mushrooms is still required extensive researches on these strains to display bacteria biological mode of action to modify the quality mushroom growth and increase mushroom yield. In this respect, the current paper deals with recent trends on the application of PGPRs for improving the cultivation of commercial cashing mushrooms and tries to provide a perspective for large-scale application of beneficial bacterial strains for edible mushroom industry.
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